Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), also known as Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG), is a glycoprotein hormone that is naturally produced in the serum of pregnant mares and other equine animals such as donkeys and zebras. It is essential for reproductive physiology and is commonly employed in animal breeding operations.
Source and Secretion
Binucleate cells in the mare's uterine endometrial cups create PMSG during the early stages of pregnancy. The key properties of its secretion are:
- Blood test: around 37-40 days of pregnancy.
- Peak values occur around 55-75 days of pregnancy.
- Decline/disappearance at 120-150 days of pregnancy
Secretion is regulated by pregnancy stage, individual variance, and fetal genetics.
Chemical Properties:
PMSG is a glycoprotein hormone with a high carbohydrate content (41-45%) and sialic acid, resulting in acidic characteristics. It has two subunits: α and β. The beta subunit is responsible for biological activity. PMSG has a lengthy half-life in blood, ranging from 40 to 120 hours.
Physiological Effects
PMSG mimics follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and promotes reproductive processes:
- In females: Encourages follicular growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum production.
- In males: Promotes the formation of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis
Applications in animal reproduction.
PMSG is commonly utilized in animal breeding and veterinary care:
- Estrus Induction and Synchronization
- Superovulation boosts ovulation rates.
- Treatment of Ovarian Disorders
- Enhancement of male fertility by stimulating spermatogenesis
In conclusion, PMSG is an important hormone in equine reproduction, with both natural physiological roles and practical applications in animal breeding programs, which improve reproductive efficiency in livestock and other species.
